Analysis of genotypes on 850 newborns with SLC26A4 single-allele mutation and the phenotypes of those with second variant / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To clarify the phenotypes of the newborns with SLC26A4 single-allele mutation in deafness genetic screening and second variant; to analyze the SLC26A4 genotype and hearing phenotype. Methods: 850 newborns born in Beijing from April 2015 to December 2019 were included and there were 468 males and 382 females. They received genetic deafness screening for 9 or 15 variants, with the result of SLC26A4 single-allele mutation. Firstly, three step deafness gene sequencing was adopted in this work, i.e., the first step was "SLC26A4 gene whole exons and splice sites" sequencing; the second step was "SLC26A4 gene promoter, FOXI1 gene and KCNJ10 gene whole exons" sequencing; and the third step was detection for "SLC26A4 gene copy number variation". Secondly, we collected the results of newborn hearing screening for all patients with the second mutation found in the three step test, and conducted audiological examinations, such as acoustic immittance, auditory brainstem response and auditory steady state response. Thirdly, for novel/VUS mutations, we searched the international deafness gene database or software, such as DVD, ClinVar and Mutation Taster, to predict the pathogenicity of mutations according to the ACMG guideline. Lastly, we analyzed the relationship between genotype and phenotype of newborns with SLC26A4 single allele mutation. Results: Among 850 cases, the median age of diagnosis was 4 months. In the first step, 850 cases were sequenced. A total of 32 cases (3.76%, 32/850) of a second variants were detected, including 18 cases (2.12%, 18/850) with identified pathogenic variants; 832 cases were sequenced and 8 cases of KCNJ10 gene missense variants were detected among the second step. No missense mutations in the FOXI1 gene and abnormal SLC26A4 gene promoter were detected; the third step sequencing results were all negative. Genotypes and hearing phenotypes included 18 cases combined with the second clear pathogenic variant, 16 cases (16/18) referred newborn hearing screening and 2 cases (2/18) passed in both ears; degree of hearing loss consisted of 18 profound ears (18/36), 13 severe ears (13/36) and 5 moderate ears (5/36); audiogram patterns comprised 17 high frequency drop ears (17/36), 14 flat ears (14/36), 3 undistinguished ears (3/36), and 2 U shaped ears (2/36); 11 cases underwent imaging examination, all of which were bilateral enlarged vestibular aqueduct. As for 22 cases of other genotypes, all passed neonatal hearing screening and the hearing diagnosis was normal, including 9 cases with VUS or possibly novel benign variants, 8 cases with KCNJ10 double gene heterozygous variants, and 5 cases with double heterozygous variants. Conclusions: The probability of individuals with SLC26A4 single-allele variant who merge with a second pathogenic variant is 2.12%, all of which are SNV, which can provide scientific basis for the genetic diagnosis and genetic counseling of SLC26A4 variants. Those who have merged with second pathogenic variant are all diagnosed with sensorineural hearing loss. Patients with KCNJ10 gene mutations do not manifest hearing loss during the infancy, suggesting the need for further follow-up.

Sedentary behavior, screen time and mental health of college students: a Meta-analysis / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To evaluate the effects of sedentary behavior/screen time on mental health of college students by Meta-analysis based on the results of literature retrieval and provide theoretical basis for the improvement of college students' mental health. Methods: The original research literatures about sedentary behavior (including screen time) and college students' mental health published as of 14 July 2022 were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang data. Data were extracted from the included studies and scored by one author in accordance with the proposed programme, and quality score was reviewed by another author. The literature that met the inclusion criteria was systematically reviewed and Meta-analysis was carried out by software Stata 14.2 based on the data from the literatures. Results: A total of 36 studies met the inclusion criteria, including 35 observational studies and 1 interventional study. There are 4 papers about the effects of sedentary behavior and 9 papers about the effects of screening time on depression in college students and 4 papers about the effects of sedentary behavior/screening time on anxiety in college students were used for a Meta-analysis, and the other studies were also analyzed. The Meta-analysis on the effects of sedentary behavior on depression in college students showed that there was a significant positive correlation between higher level sedentary behavior and increased risk for depression (OR=1.07,95%CI:1.05-1.10). Subgroup analysis indicated that there was no significant correlation between higher level sedentary behavior and depression (OR=1.74, 95%CI:0.93-3.25) in the unadjusted confounding factor model, but there was significance positive correlation after adjusting confounding factors (OR=2.15, 95%CI:1.18-3.90). Meta-analysis on the effects of screen time on depression in college students showed that longer screen time were significantly positively correlated with higher depression level (OR=1.03, 95%CI: 1.02-1.05). The results of subgroup analysis showed that in both unadjusted confounding factor model and adjusted confounding factor model, longer screen time was significantly positively correlated with depression (OR=1.27, 95%CI: 1.13-1.42; OR=1.45, 95%CI: 1.18-1.79) , respectively. Meta-analysis on the effects of sedentary behavior on anxiety showed that longer screen time was significantly positively correlated with increased anxiety risk (OR=1.44, 95%CI: 1.31-1.58). The results of subgroup analysis showed that in both unadjusted confounding factor model and adjusted confounding factor model, there was a significant positive correlation between longer screen time and anxiety (OR=1.47, 95%CI: 1.31-1.65; OR=1.38, 95%CI:1.17-1.62). The analysis for the literatures which were not eligible for Meta-analysis found that sedentary behavior/screen time was significantly associated with stress and other mental health in college students. Conclusions: Sedentary behavior or screen time is significantly negatively correlated with college students' mental health, in particular, resulting in depression and anxiety. These effects might be be different between weekdays and weekend days.

Skin diseases in the Da Qing Diabetes Study: a cross-sectional study / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#The prevalence of skin diseases and diabetes mellitus (DM) are prominent around the world. The current scope of knowledge regarding the prevalence of skin diseases and comorbidities with type 2 DM (T2DM) is limited, leading to limited recognition of the correlations between skin diseases and T2DM.@*METHODS@#We collected 383 subjects from the Da Qing Diabetes Study during the period from July 9th to September 1st, 2016. The subjects were categorized into three groups: Normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and T2DM. The prevalence and clinical characteristics of skin diseases were recorded and investigated.@*RESULTS@#In this cross-sectional study, 383 individuals with ages ranging from 53 to 89-year-old were recruited. The overall prevalence of skin diseases was 93.5%, and 75.7% of individuals had two or more kinds of skin diseases. Additionally, there were 47 kinds of comorbid skin diseases in patients with T2DM, of which eight kinds of skin diseases had a prevalence >10%. The prevalence of skin diseases in NGT, IGT, and T2DM groups were 93.3%, 91.5%, and 96.6%, respectively; stratified analysis by categories showed a statistically significant difference in "disturbances of pigmentation" and "neurological and psychogenic dermatoses". The duration of T2DM also significantly associated with the prevalence of "disturbances of pigmentation" and "neurological and psychogenic dermatoses". Subsequently, the prevalence of "disturbances of pigmentation" was higher in males than females in NGT (P < 0.01) and T2DM (P < 0.01) groups. In addition, the difference in the prevalence of "disturbances of pigmentation" was also significant in NGT and T2DM groups (P < 0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#There was a high prevalence of skin diseases in the Da Qing Diabetes Study. To address the skin diseases in the Da Qing Diabetes Study, increased awareness and intervention measures should be implemented.

Epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria in Zhengzhou City from 2016 to 2020 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of reported imported malaria cases in Zhengzhou City from 2016 to 2020, so as to provide insights into the management of imported malaria in the city. Methods All data pertaining to cases with definitive diagnosis of malaria in Zhengzhou City from 2016 to 2020 were captured from the National Notifiable Disease Report System and the Information Management System for Parasitic Disease Control in China, including individual demographic data, and malaria onset, initial diagnosis and definitive diagnosis data. All data were descriptively analyzed. The duration from malaria onset to initial diagnosis, from initial diagnosis to definitive diagnosis and from onset to definitive diagnosis was compared among cases. In addition, the diagnoses of imported malaria cases in which definitive diagnosis was made were compared with the reexaminations by Zhengzhou Municipal Malaria Diagnosis Reference Laboratory. Results A total of 302 cases with definitive diagnosis of malaria were reported in Zhengzhou City from 2016 to 2020, and all were imported cases, with Plasmodium falciparum malaria as the predominant type (230 cases, 76.2%). There were 293 malaria cases imported from Africa (293 cases, 97.0%), which mainly included Nigeria (48 cases, 15.9%), Angola (40 cases, 13.2%), and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (29 cases, 9.6%). There was no obvious seasonality found in the date of malaria onset and time of reporting malaria. The ratio of male to female malaria cases was 49.3:1, and there were 103 cases (34.1%) with the current residency address in Zhengzhou City, 193 cases (63.9%) with the current residency address in other cities of Henan Province and 6 cases (2.0%) in other provinces of China. There were 271 cases (89.7%) seeking initial diagnosis in medical institutions, and the diagnostic accuracy of malaria was 56.6% (171/302) at initial diagnosis institutions. A total of 122 cases (40.4%) sought medical care on the day of malaria onset, and 252 cases (86.4%) within 3 days; however, only 22 cases (7.3%) were definitively diagnosed on the day of onset, and 162 cases (53.6%) diagnosed within 3 days. There were no significant differences between malaria cases seeking initial diagnosis at medical institutions and disease control and prevention institutions in terms of the duration from malaria onset to initial diagnosis (Z = −1.663, P > 0.05), from initial diagnosis to definitive diagnosis (Z = −0.413, P > 0.05) or from malaria onset to definitive diagnosis (Z = −0.838, P > 0.05). The median duration (interquartile range) from initial diagnosis to definitive diagnosis of malaria was 3.00 (2.00), 3.00 (6.00), 2.00 (4.00) d and 1.00 (1.00) d among cases seeking medical care at township-level and lower, county-, city- and province-level medical institutions, and the median duration from initial diagnosis to definitive diagnosis of malaria was significantly longer among cases seeking medical care at township-level and lower medical institutions than at city (Z = −3.286, P < 0.008 33) and province-level medical institutions (Z = −9.119, P < 0.008 33), while the median duration from initial diagnosis to definitive diagnosis [1.00 (3.00) d vs. 2.00 (4.00) d; Z = −4.099, P < 0.016] and from malaria onset to definitive diagnosis [3.00 (4.00) d vs. 4.00 (5.00) d; Z = −2.868, P < 0.016] among malaria cases with the current residency address in Zhengzhou City was both shorter than in other cities of Henan Province. The diagnostic accuracy was 89.1% (269/302) among malaria cases in which definitive diagnosis was made, and the accuracy of malaria reexaminations was 94.0% (284/302) in Zhengzhou Municipal Malaria Diagnosis Reference Laboratory. Conclusions P. falciparum malaria was predominant among reported imported malaria cases in Zhengzhou City from 2016 to 2020, and these imported malaria cases were predominantly diagnosed at medical institutions; however, the diagnostic capability of malaria is poor in township-level and lower medical institutions. Strengthening the collaboration between medical institutions and disease control and prevention institutions and improving the diagnostic capability building at medical institutions are recommended to consolidate malaria elimination achivements.

Analysis of cytogenetic indexes in interventional radiology workers exposed to low dose long-term chronic irradiation / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of low dose long-term chronic irradiation on chromosome aberration and micronucleus in peripheral blood lymphocytes of interventional radiology workers.METHODS: A total of 100 interventional radiology workers in a grade A tertiary hospital of Henan Province were selected as the interventional group using a convenient sampling method, and 78 healthy individuals without radiation exposure were selected as the control group. The incidence of chromosomal aberration and micronucleus of peripheral blood lymphocytes in individuals of these two groups were investigated. RESULTS: The frequencies of cells with acentric fragment(ace), dicentric chromosome(dic), reciprocal translocation(t), chromosome type aberration and total aberration in the interventional group were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant(0.55% vs 0.30%, 0.25% vs 0.03%, 0.38% vs 0.01%, 1.21% vs 0.34%, 1.37% vs 0.54%, all P<0.01). In the interventional group, the frequency of cell with chromosome type aberration was higher than that of chromatid type aberration(1.21% vs 0.16%, P<0.01).The frequency of cell with unstable chromosome aberration was higher than that of stable chromosome aberration(0.80% vs 0.41%, P<0.01), and the frequency of cell with chromosomal type aberrant in the interventional group ranked from high to low in order of ace, t, dic and deletion(P<0.01). The incidence of micronuclear cells and micronucleus in the interventional group were higher than those in the control group(0.86‰ vs 0.40‰, 0.89‰ vs 0.41‰, all P<0.01). The incidence of micronuclear cells and micronucleus of female interventional radiology workers were higher than those of male workers(1.12‰ vs 0.62‰, 1.19‰ vs 0.62‰, all P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Low dose and long-term chronic irradiation exposure can affect both chromosome aberration and micronucleus of interventional radiology workers. The main chromosomal aberrations were non-stable chromosomal aberrations ace, dic and stable chromosomal aberrations t.

Study on Sustainable Development Ability Evaluation Index System for Ethnomedicine Enterprises in Guizhou Province / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To establish sustainable development ability evaluation index system for ethnomedicine enterprises in Guizhou province ，and to promote the sustainable development of the ethnomedicine industry. METHODS ：The draft of evaluation index system had been made by documents collection and a meeting of focus group discussion ，the final indexes and weight had been determined by Delphi method for conducting 2 rounds expert questionnaire survey ；the index system was used to measure and compare the results with the evaluation results of the drug regulatory department and the authoritative experts of the industry. RESULTS：The draft of evaluation index system included 6 indexes in the first level indicators and 49 indexes in the second. The expert’s positive coefficients was 100％ after 2 rounds of consultation ；the authoritative coefficients on the opinions of experts for the levels of indicators were 0.86，the coordination coefficient of experts was 0.22 in the first round and 0.48 in the second. After 2 rounds of expert consultation ，the final established evaluation index system contained 6 indexes in the first level indicators and 33 indexes in the second. Fifteen ethnomedicine enterprises in Guizhou province were selected for on-site testing. The evaluation results were not much different from those of the drug regulatory department and the authoritative experts of the industry. CONCLUSIONS：Established sustainable development ability evaluation index system for ethnomedicine enterprises is scientific ， reasonable and feasible ，and can provide standardized reference for regular monitoring and evaluation.

Effect and mechanism of moxibustion on oxidative stress injury in rats with Parkinson's disease by activating Nrf2/ARE pathway / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of moxibustion on oxidative stress injury of nigrostriatal system in rats with Parkinson's disease (PD) based on nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway, and to explore its mechanism.@*METHODS@#A total of 48 SD rats were randomized into a blank group, a sham-operation group, a model group and a moxibustion group, 12 rats in each group. Unilateral two-point injection with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) was adopted in the model group and the moxibustion group to establish the PD model; the operation manipulation in the sham-operation group was the same as the model group and the moxibustion group, and the same volume of 0.9% sodium chloride solutions was given by unilateral two-point injection. Moxibustion was adopted at "Baihui" (GV 20) and "Sishencong" (EX-HN 1) in the moxibustion group for 20 min, once a day, 6 times a week for 6 weeks. No intervention was given in the other 3 groups. Morphology of right mesencephalon substantia nigra was observed by HE staining, the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in right mesencephalon substantia nigra was detected by immunohistochemistry method, the expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in corpus striatum was detected by colorimetry method, and the expression of Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) proteins was detected by Western blot in the 4 groups.@*RESULTS@#Clear tissue structure and complete dopaminergic neurons of right mesencephalon substantia nigra were observed in the blank group and the sham-operation group; unclear tissue structure, decreased and swelling dopaminergic neurons were observed in the model group; compared with the model group, more neurons were observed and the swelling of cyton was reduced in the moxibustion group. Compared with the sham-operation group, the expression of TH in right mesencephalon substantia nigra was decreased in the model group (<0.01); compared with the model group, the expression of TH in right mesencephalon substantia nigra was increased in the moxibustion group (<0.05). Compared with the sham-operation group, the expression of ROS, MDA was increased (<0.01), the expression of GSH, GSH-Px, Nrf2 and HO-1 was decreased in the model group (<0.01, <0.05); compared with the model group, the expression of ROS, MDA was decreased (<0.05, <0.01), the expression of GSH, GSH-Px, Nrf2 and HO-1 was increased in the moxibustion group (<0.05, <0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#Moxibustion can alleviate oxidative stress injury of nigrostriatal system in rats with Parkinson's disease by activating the Nrf2/ARE pathway, and protect the dopamine neurons.

Exploring Mechanism of Modified Fuzi Lizhongtang in Intervening Inflammatory Response of Intestinal Mucosa in Rats with Ulcerative Colitis Based on mTOR/p-S6K1 / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objectives:To investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of modified Fuzi Lizhongtang on ulcerative colitis （UC） model rats. Method:The 72 male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group，model group，sulfasalazine group（0.5 g·kg-1），modified Fuzi Lizhongtang high，medium and low-dose group （23.62，11.81，5.91 g·kg-1）. These rats were used to replicate the UC rat model by 2，4，6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid （TNBS）-ethanol composite modeling and treated by gavage for 2 weeks. The general condition of rats in each group was observed. After anesthesia，blood was collected from abdominal aorta and colonic tissue was taken. Semi quantitative evaluation by the colon mucosa damage index （CMDI），the pathological changes of colonic tissue were observed by the hematoxylin and eosin （HE） staining. The contents of serum interleukin-4 （IL-4），IL-6，IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The expressions of mammalian target of rapamycin（mTOR） and phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 （p-S6K1） in colonic mucosa were detected by immunohistochemistry （IHC） and Western blot. Result:Compared with normal group，the CMDI score of the model group rats was significantly increased （P<0.01）. The contents of IL-4 and IL-10 in serum were significantly decreased，the contents of IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly increased （P<0.01）. The expression levels of mTOR and p-S6K1 in colonic mucosa were up-regulated （P<0.01）. Compared with model group，the CMDI score of the modified Fuzi Lizhongtang high dose group was significantly decreased （P<0.05）. In modified Fuzi Lizhongtang high and medium dose group，the contents of IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly decreased （P<0.01） and the contents of IL-4 and IL-10 in serum were significantly increased （P<0.05，P<0.01）. In the modified Fuzi Lizhongtang high dose group，the expression level of mTOR and p-S6K1 protein was down-regulated significantly （P<0.05，P<0.01）. Conclusion:Modified Fuzi Lizhongtang high dose group can significantly reduce the congestion and edema，inflammatory cell infiltration，gland distortion，disorder of arrangement and other pathological manifestations of UC colon mucosa，and its mechanism may be related to its down-regulation of mTOR/p-S6K1 signal and the regulation of inflammatory factors secretion.

Analysis of the current situation of road traffic accidents in the 31 provinces/municipalities of China and the projection for achieving the SDGs target of halving the numbers of death and injury / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To analyze the data of road traffic accidents, deaths and injuries in 31 provinces and municipalities in China from 2010 to 2017, and to predict that the number of deaths and injuries caused by road accidents set in the sustainable development goals (SDGs) will be halved by 2020 compared with the target set in 2015. Methods Describing and analyzing the current situation of road traffic accidents in 31 provinces and municipalities in China, and using the trend extrapolation method to predict whether the SDGs target can be achieved by 2020. Results The numbers of traffic accidents, deaths and injuries in Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shandong Provinces showed a downward trend from 2010 to 2017, but still ranked the front in China. In 2017, Beijing had the highest death rate followed by Guizhou as the second, and Guizhou had the highest injury rate followed by Tianjin as the second. The projected results showed that the numbers of deaths and injuries caused by road traffic accidents in China would be increased by 17% and 1.3% respectively in 2020 indicating that SDGs target could not be met. Among the 31 provinces/municipalities, it was predicted that the numbers of deaths and injuries in Hunan would be reduced to 50.7% and 65.3% in 2015, respectively by 2020, and the target could be achieved; the number of injuries in Shanghai was decreased by 83.3%, but the deaths was only decreased by 34.5%, and there was still a gap with the target; the rest 29 provinces/municipalities could not meet SDGs target. It was expected that the deaths in 11 provinces and municipalities would increase by 2020, with Beijing, Jilin, Jiangxi, Hubei and Guizhou Provinces showing the most significant growth. The number of injured people in 8 provinces and municipalities shows an increasing trend, with Jilin, Jiangxi, Hubei and Guizhou provinces showing significant growth. Conclusions Except for Hunan Province, it was difficult for the whole country and the rest provinces and municipalities to reach the SDGs target. According to the forecast results and the actual situation, a targeted scientific prevention and control strategy can be formulated. The measures taken by Hunan and Shanghai in traffic accident prevention and control were effective and worth learning.

Expression and clinical significance ofADNPin bladder urothelial carcinoma tissues / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@# Objective：To analyze the expression and clinic significance of activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) in bladder urothelial carcinoma. Methods: A total of 28 pairs of bladder cancer tissues and corresponding adjacent normal tissuesthat surgically resected at the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University from June 1, 2019 to July 15, 2019 were collected for this study. The mRNAexpression ofADNP in 20 pairs of tissue samples was detected by qPCR, and the protein expressionin the other 8 pairs was detected by WB. Mean while, the clinicopathological data of patients with bladder urothelial carcinoma treated in our hospital from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2007 were retrospectively analyzed; and the expression of ADNP in the corresponding paraffin tumor sections were determined with immunohistochemical staining, and normal bladder tissue sections from patients who underwent surgery for other bladder diseases during the same period were collected for comparison. Chi-square test was used to analyze the correlation between ADNP expression and different clinicopathological features, Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis, and Cox risk regression model was used forunivariate and multivariate analysis of prognosticfactors. Results: ThetranscriptionalandtranslationallevelsofADNPincancertissues were higher than those in adjacent normal tissues (all P<0.05), and the expression level ofADNP was correlated with the histological grade, clinical stages and survival status of patients with bladder cancer (P<0.05). Of all the 221 patients included in the study, 32 patients lost to follow-up,and patients with high ADNP expression had

Berberine ameliorates diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB pathway

BACKGROUND: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal failure, contributing to severe morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Berberine (BBR) has been well characterized to exert renoprotective effects in DN progression. However, the action mechanism of BBR in DN remains to be fully understood. METHODS: The DN rat model was generated by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 65 mg/kg body weight) while 30 mM high glucose (HG)-treated podocytes were used as an in vitro DN model. The fasting blood glucose level and ratio of kidney weight to body weight were measured after BBR treatment (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg) in STZ-induced DN rats. The renal injury parameters including 24-h urinary protein, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine were assessed. qRT-PCR was performed to detect the transcript amounts of inflammatory factors. The concentrations of inflammatory factors were evaluated by ELISA kits. Western blot analysis was conducted to measure the amounts of TLR4/NF-κB-related proteins. The apoptotic rate of podocytes was analyzed by flow cytometry using Annexin V/propidium iodide. RESULTS: Berberine reduced renal injury in STZ-induced DN rat model, as evidenced by the decrease in fasting blood glucose, ratio of kidney weight to body weight, 24-h urinary protein, serum creatinine, and blood urine nitrogen. BBR attenuated the systemic and renal cortex inflammatory response and inhibited TLR4/NF-κB pathway in STZ-induced DN rats and HG-induced podocytes. Also, HG-induced apoptosis of podocytes was lowered by BBR administration. Furthermore, blockade of TLR4/NF-κB pathway by resatorvid (TAK-242) or pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate aggravated the inhibitory effect of BBR on HG-induced inflammatory response and apoptosis in podocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Berberine ameliorated DN through relieving STZ-induced renal injury, inflammatory response, and podocyte HG-induced apoptosis via inactivating TLR4/NF-κB pathway.

Differential expression profiling of A549 cells induced by Toxoplasma polymorphism effector ROP16 / 中国人兽共患病学报

The aim of this study is to explore the changes and significance of gene expression profile induced by ROPl6 of Toxoplasma gondii (T.gondii)type Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ.The A549 cell line was used as the research model.And,stable transfected ROPl6 of type Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ of T.gondii cell lines were established.Then,we used gene expression microarray to identify genes that were differentially expressed.Gene Ontology (GO)functional classification and pathway analysis were performed on screened differentially expressed genes.According to the results of the gene expression profile,ROP16Itransfer group owned 1 270 different genes,with 776 genes up-regulated and 494 genes down-regulated;ROP16Ⅲtransfer group owned 1 362 differ-ent genes,with 842 genes up-regulated and 520 genes down-regulated;ROP16Ⅱtransfer group owned 11 052 different genes, with 5 063 genes up-regulated and 5 989 genes down-regulated.The ROP16Ⅰ/Ⅲgroup has the similar expression spectrum. However,ROP16Ⅱtransfer group was very different,which has distinct molecular profiles.Pathway analysis showed 74 path-way changes of the ROP16Ⅱtransfer group,and 19 pathways was solely dominated by it.In addition,these pathways were re-lated to NF-kappa B,Toll-like receptor,Chemokine signa-ling pathway and inflammatory response,immune response and metabolic process.Above all,ROP1 6 could affect host cell gene expression profiles.And,compared to Toxoplas-ma gondii type Ⅰ,Ⅲ,type Ⅱ has unique gene expression profiles and signaling pathway.Understanding its unique signaling pathway is very important for the prevention of type Ⅱ T.gondii.

Strategies for the rational use of copyrighted institutional knowledge repository in academic library / 中华医学图书情报杂志

Rational use of institutional knowledge repository-covered digital resources can increase the citation and dissemination of academic achievements. The strategies for the rational use of copyrighted institutional knowledge repository in academic library were described in aspects of signing sharing agreement, establishing special service team, and monitoring data flow with the studies and practice on the rational use of institutional knowledge repository in Xi’an Jiaotong University as an example. Suggestions were put forward for perfecting the regulations and rules of rational use of institutional knowledge repository, increasing the use of academic achievements and rational use of institutional knowledge repository.

Cefoxitin plus levofloxacin for prevention of severe infection after transrectal prostate biopsy / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>Objective</b>To evaluate the effect of cefoxitin prophylactic in reducing the incidence of severe infection after transrectal prostate biopsy (TRPB).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This retrospective study included 155 cases of TRPB with a 5-day administration of oral levofloxacin at 200 mg bid (the control group) and another 167 cases with a 3-day administration of oral levofloxacin at the same dose plus intravenous cefoxitin at 2.0 g 2 hours before TRPB (the experimental group) according to the distribution characteristics of drug-resistance bacteria in our department. The patients of the control and experimental groups were aged (68.68 ± 8.12) and (68.72 ± 7.51) years, with PSA levels of (19.78 ± 21.57) and (21.15 ± 42.63) μg/L, involving (11.68 ± 1.44) and (11.77±1.02) biopsy cores, respectively. Comparisons were made between the two groups of patients in the incidence rate of severe infection, which was defined as lower urinary track symptoms plus the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) within 7 days after TRPB.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The incidence rate of postoperative severe infection was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control (0.6% ［1/167］ vs 5.8% ［9/155］, P < 0.05). Blood cultures revealed positive E-coli strains in 6 cases in the control group, including 5 ESBL-positive and 4 quinolone-resistant and amikacin-sensitive cases, all sensitive to cefoxitin, cefoperazone/sulbactam and imipenem. The only one case of severe infection was shown to be negative in blood culture.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Preoperative intravenous administration of cefoxitin according to the specific distribution characteristics of drug-resistance bacteria can significantly reduce the incidence of severe infection after TRPB.</p>

Differences in the mandibular premolar positions in Angle Class I subjects with different vertical facial types: A cone-beam computed tomography study / 대한치과교정학회지

OBJECTIVE: To compare the positions of the mandibular premolars in Angle Class I subjects according to vertical facial type. The results will provide a theoretical basis for predicting effective tooth movement in orthodontic treatment. METHODS: Cephalometric parameters were determined using cone-beam computed tomography in 120 Angle Class I subjects. Subjects were categorized as short, normal, and long face types according to the Frankfort mandibular angle. Parameters indicating the position of the mandibular right premolars and the mandible were also measured. RESULTS: The angle between the mandibular first premolar axis and buccal cortex, the distance between the root apex and buccal cortex, angle of vestibularization, arc of vestibularization, and root apex maximum movable distance were significantly greater in the short face type than in the long and norm face types. The angle between the mandibular second premolar axis and buccal cortex, the distance from root apex to buccal cortex, and the arc of vestibularization were significantly greater in the short face type than in the normal face type. CONCLUSIONS: There are significant differences in the mandibular premolar positions in Class I subjects according to vertical facial type.

Increased arterial stiffness in subjects with pre-diabetes among middle aged population in Beijing, China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between arterial stiffness and pre-diabetes when assessed by the new glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) 5.7%-6.4% criterion or by impaired fasting glucose in middle aged Chinese.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>1122 adults aged 55 years or younger in the health examination centers for physical check-ups were enrolled in the two large-sized Tertiary Comprehensive Hospitals in Beijing from June 2011 to June 2012 after excluding those who previously had been diagnosed or treated as diabetes or cardiovascular disease. Subjects with a diagnosis of pre-diabetes according to impaired fasting glucose (IFG) (fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels at 5.6-6.9 mmol/L), HbA1c levels at 5.7%-6.4%, or both, were classified into four groups for observation: (1) Normoglycaemia (HbA1c<5.7% and FPG <5.6 mmol/L); (2) IFG alone (FPG levels at 5.6-6.9 mmol/L and HbA1c<5.7% ); (3) HbA1c 5.7%-6.4% alone (HbA1c levels at 5.7%-6.4% and FPG <5.6 mmol/L); and (4) both HbA1c 5.7%-6.4% and IFG (HbA1c levels at 5.7%-6.4% and FPG levels at 5.6-6.9 mmol/L). All subjects were measured for weight, height, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, lipid profile and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean values of baPWV were 1282±8, 1311±10, 1398±30, and 1418±27 cm/s (Mean±SE) in Normoglycaemia, HbA1c 5.7%-6.4% alone, IFG alone and the both HbA1c 5.7%-6.4% and IFG groups, respectively. After adjusting for age, gender, blood pressure, BMI and triglyceride, baPWV was significantly higher in subjects with both HbA1c 5.7%-6.4% and IFG compared among the subjects with Normoglycaemia (1350±14 vs. 1301±6 cm/s, P=0.002) and HbA1c 5.7%-6.4% alone (1350±14 vs. 1309±8 cm/s, P=0.013).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Subjects with pre-diabetes exhibited a greater arterial stiffness.</p>

Association between GSTP1, GSTM1, GSTT1 genetic polymorphisms and urinary styrene phenyl hydroxyethyl mercapturic acids level / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1), glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1), and glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1) and urinary level of mercapturic acids of styrene (PHEMAs) in workers exposed to styrene.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and twenty-six workers exposed to styrene were selected as exposure group, and 150 workers without styrene exposure as the control group; all the workers came from a locomotive shell production factory in Shandong Province, China. The PCR-RFLP technique was applied to analyze the individual genetic polymorphisms of GSTP1; the multiplex PCR technique was used to investigate the genetic polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1; the relationship between genetic polymorphisms of GSTP1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 and urinary level of PHEMAs in workers exposed to styrene was statistically analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The three genotypes investigated in the study had a distribution in accordance with the Chinese population. With exposure to high- concentration styrene, the individuals carrying GSTP1 (exon5, A105G) AA genotype (wildtype) had a significantly higher urinary level of PHEMAs (43.58 mg/g) than those with mutant genotypes AG (29.769 mg/g) and GG (30.245 mg/g); the urinary level of PHEMAs in individuals carrying wild-type GSTM1 genotype was significantly higher than that in individuals carrying deficient-type GSTM1 genotype (40.197 mg/g vs 28.866 mg/g, P < 0.05); no significant difference in urinary level of PHEMAs was found between individuals carrying wild-type GSTT1 genotype and deficient-type GSTT1 genotype. There was no significant relationship between the three gene polymorphisms and urinary level of PHEMAs in the control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The genetic polymorphisms of GSTP1 and GSTM1 may be related to urinary level of PHEMAs in workers exposed to styrene.</p>

Observation on analgesia effect of electroacupuncture during gynecologic outpatient operation / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To verify the feasibility of electroacupuncture analgesia applied to gynecologic outpatient operation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two hundred patients were randomly divided into an electroacupuncture analgesia group and an intravenous anesthesia group, 100 cases in each group. Operation types included artificial abortion, diagnostic curettage and remove of intrauterine divice. The electroacupuncture analgesia group was treated with electroacupuncture at bilateral Hegu (LI 4) and Neiguan (PC 6), and the routine gynecologic outpatient operation was performed under patients' waking state. The intravenous anesthesia group was treated with routine gynecologic outpatient operation after intravenous injection of fentanyl and propofol.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The excellent rate and the effective rate of analgesia were 88.0% (88/100) and 100.0% (100/100) in the electroacupuncture analgesia group, and 94.0% (94/100) and 100.0% (100/100) in the intravenous anesthesia group, with no statistically significant differences between the two groups (all P > 0.05). There was no adverse reaction in the electroacupuncture anesthesia group, but 11 cases of adverse reactions in the intravenous anesthesia group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Electroacupuncture analgesia can effectively alleviate the pain during gynecologic outpatient operation and it is simple and safe without adverse reactions.</p>

Extraction and purification of acidic polysaccharide from Moerella iridescens / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To optimize extraction and purification methods of acidic polysaccharide from Moerella iridescens (MIAP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>With alkali extraction process and orthogonal experiment,the time consumption,temperature,pH value of the solution and alcohol concentration during the extraction were optimized. The crude products were deprived of protein,pigment and ion,then were purified with DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography and verified with Sephadex G-100 and cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis,and examined with infrared spectrum.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The optimized extraction conditions were as follows: extraction time 6 h,extraction temperature 70 degree,the solution pH 8.0 and the concentration of alcohol precipitation 70%. Intuitive features showed that the MIAP was pure white crystalline granular with slight dark brown color. The purification results demonstrated that the target MIAP was eluted and identified as a homogeneous components by DEAE-cellulose ion exchange column,Sephadex G-100 and cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis. Infrared spectral scanning suggested that MIAP was α-D-type terminated glucopyranose. Intuitive features showed that MIAP was soft and cottony white.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The extraction process with orthogonal test has been optimized and the acidic polysaccharide from Moerella iridescens is successfully isolated.</p>

NMDAR expression in the cochlear nucleus and hearing damage in neonatal rats with hyperbilirubinemia / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the role of N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor (NMDAR) expression in the development of hearing damage in neonatal rats with hyperbilirubinemia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty seven-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly injected with bilirubin of 100 microg/g (low-dose treatment group) or 200 microg/g (high-dose treatment group) or normal saline (control group). Auditory brainstem response (ABR) was examined. The concentrations of bilirubin in blood and brain were measured. NMDAR expression in the cochlear nucleus slices was examined by immunohistochemistry assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>ABR reflecting threshold obviously increased, and I, II and III wave latency as well as I-II, II-III and I-III interval were more prolonged in the two bilirubin treatment groups when compared with the control group. The NMDAR expression in the cochlear nucleuse in the two bilirubin treatment groups was obviously lower than that in the control group. The NMDAR expression in the cochlear nucleuse was negatively correlated with the brain bilirubin content and the ABR reflecting threshold in the two bilirubin treatment groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>An increased NMDAR activity may play an important role in hearing damage following hyperbilirubinemia.</p>